These applications communicate with the handset or a server using SIM Application Toolkit, which was initially specified by 3GPP in TS 11.14. Modern SIM cards allow applications to load when the SIM is in use by the subscriber. Note the thin gold bonding wires, and the regular, rectangular digital memory areas. 4-by-4-millimetre (0.16 in × 0.16 in) silicon chip in a SIM card which has been peeled open. ![]() SIM cards produced subsequently are compatible with 3 V and 5 V. The operating voltage of the majority of SIM cards launched before 1998 was 5 V. There are three operating voltages for SIM cards: 5 V, 3 V and 1.8 V ( ISO/IEC 7816-3 classes A, B and C, respectively). The introduction of embedded-SIM (eSIM) and remote SIM provisioning (RSP) from the GSMA may disrupt the traditional SIM card ecosystem with the entrance of new players specializing in "digital" SIM card provisioning and other value-added services for mobile network operators. The rise of cellular IoT and 5G networks was predicted by Ericsson to drive the growth of the addressable market for SIM cards to over 20 billion devices by 2020. According to the International Card Manufacturers Association (ICMA), there were 5.4 billion SIM cards manufactured globally in 2016 creating over $6.5 billion in revenue for traditional SIM card vendors. Today (2023), SIM cards are ubiquitous, allowing over 8 billion devices to connect to cellular networks around the world. The first SIM card was developed in 1991 by Munich smart-card maker Giesecke+Devrient, who sold the first 300 SIM cards to the Finnish wireless network operator Radiolinja. 3GPP is now responsible for the further development of applications like SIM (TS 51.011 ) and USIM (TS 31.102 ) and ETSI for the further development of the physical card UICC. ![]() With the development of UMTS, the specification work was partially transferred to 3GPP. This describes the physical and logical behaviour of the SIM. ![]() The SIM was initially specified by the ETSI in the specification TS 11.11. Smart cards have since used MOS integrated circuit chips, along with MOS memory technologies such as flash memory and EEPROM (electrically EPROM). The idea of incorporating a silicon IC chip onto a plastic card originates from the late 1960s. The SIM card is a type of smart card, the basis for which is the silicon integrated circuit (IC) chip. eSIM uses a software-based SIM embedded into an irremovable eUICC. As of 2020, eSIM is superseding physical SIM cards in some domains, including cellular telephony. SIMs are transferable between different mobile devices by removing the card itself. Sizes were reduced several times over the years, usually keeping electrical contacts the same, to fit smaller-sized devices. The first SIM cards were the size of credit and bank cards. SIM cards are also used in satellite phones, smart watches, computers, or cameras. SIMs are always used on GSM phones for CDMA phones, they are needed only for LTE-capable handsets. It is also possible to store contact information on many SIM cards. In Europe, the serial SIM number (SSN) is also sometimes accompanied by an international article number (IAN) or a European article number (EAN) required when registering online for the subscription of a prepaid card. In practice the term "SIM card" is still used to refer to the entire unit and not simply the IC.Ī SIM contains a unique serial number, integrated circuit card identification (ICCID), international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) number, security authentication and ciphering information, temporary information related to the local network, a list of the services the user has access to, and four passwords: a personal identification number (PIN) for ordinary use, and a personal unblocking key (PUK) for PIN unlocking as well as a second pair (called PIN2 and PUK2 respectively) which are used for managing fixed dialing number and some other functionality. ![]() Technically the actual physical card is known as a universal integrated circuit card (UICC) this smart card is usually made of PVC with embedded contacts and semiconductors, with the SIM as its primary component. A typical SIM card (mini-SIM with micro-SIM cutout) T-Mobile nano-SIM card with NFC capabilities in the SIM tray of an iPhone 6s A TracFone Wireless SIM card has no distinctive carrier markings and is only marked as a "SIM card".Ī SIM card (full form: Subscriber Identity Module or Subscriber Identification Module) is an integrated circuit (IC) intended to securely store an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) number and its related key, which are used to identify and authenticate subscribers on mobile telephone devices (such as mobile phones and laptops). For the company, see MicroSim Corporation.
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